Search results for " IL-2"

IL-17 polarization of MAIT cells is derived from the activation of two different pathways

2017

MAIT cells are expanded in salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome and are IL-17 polarized. IL-7 and IL-23 induce IL-17 production activating two different pathways: IL-7 stimulation induces in fact a significant STAT3 and HIF1alpha upregulation, conversely, IL-23 stimulation significantly induces RORc overexpression in MAIT cells of patients with Sjogren's syndrome.

Intestinal dysbiosis and innate immune responses in axial spondyloarthritis

2016

Purpose of review Inflammatory innate and adaptive immune cell responses to commensal bacteria underlie the pathogenesis of human chronic inflammatory diseases. Intestinal dysbiosis has been described in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and seems to be correlated with histologic and immunologic alterations. Purpose of this review is to discuss the relationship occurring between intestinal dysbiosis and innate immune responses in patients with axial SpA. Recent findings Intestinal dysbiosis and differential activation of intestinal immune responses in patients with SpA have been demonstrated. Furthermore, innate cells that appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of SpA may control int…

IL-25 dampens the growth of human germinal center-derived B-cell non Hodgkin Lymphoma by curtailing neoangiogenesis

2018

Interleukin (IL)-25, a member of the IL-17 cytokine superfamily, is produced by immune and non-immune cells and exerts type 2 pro-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The IL-25 receptor(R) is composed of the IL-17RA/IL-17RB subunits. Previous work showed that germinal centre (GC)-derived B-cell non Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) expressed IL-17AR, formed by IL-17RA and IL-17RC subunits, and IL-17A/IL-17AR axis promoted B-NHL growth by stimulating neoangiogenesis. Here, we have investigated expression and function of IL-25/IL-25R axis in lymph nodes from human GC-derived B-NHL, i.e. Follicular Lymphoma (FL,10 cases), Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (6 cases) and Burkitt Lymphoma (3 cases). Tu…

IL-21 regulates experimental colitis by modulating the balance between Treg and Th17 cells

2007

Regulatory T (T(reg)) cells play a key role in the maintenance of the immune system homeostasis. T(reg) cells can be generated in the periphery under control of TGF-beta, a cytokine involved in the negative control of the immune system. However, TGF-beta cooperates with IL-6 in the generation of Th17 cells, a novel class of effector cells involved in numerous inflammatory diseases, including colitis. Therefore, TGF-beta emerges as a mediator of both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory processes, depending on the local cytokine milieu. Here we demonstrate that IL-21, a type-1 cytokine produced by T cells and involved in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, prevents the TGF-beta-d…

Potential involvement of IL-22 and IL-22-producing cells in the inflamed salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome.

2012

OBJECTIVES: In chronic inflammatory disorders, interleukin (IL)-22 may act either as a protective or as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. At mucosal sites, IL-22 is mainly produced by CD4(+) T cells and by a subset of mucosal natural killer (NK) cells expressing the receptor NKp44 (NKp44(+) NK cells). The aim of this study was to investigate the IL-22 expression in the salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Minor salivary gland biopsies were obtained from 19 patients with pSS and 16 with non-specific chronic sialoadenitis. Quantitative gene expression analysis by TaqMan real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for IL-17, IL-22, IL-23 and STAT3 (signal transduce…

Interleukin-22 and interleukin-22-producing NKp44+ natural killer cells in subclinical gut inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis

2012

Objective The intestinal inflammation observed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by an overexpression of interleukin-23 (IL-23). IL-23 is known to regulate IL-22 production through lamina propria NKp44+ natural killer (NK) cells, which are thought to be involved in protective mucosal mechanisms. This study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of NKp44+ NK cells and the expression of IL-22 in the ileum of AS patients. Methods Tissue NKp44+ NK cells, NKp46+ NK cells, and IL-22–producing cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantitative gene expression analysis of IL-22, IL-23, IL-17, STAT-3, and mucin 1 (MUC-1) was performed by reverse transcriptase–polymeras…

Data mining-based statistical analysis of biological data uncovers hidden significance: clustering Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients based on the resp…

2014

The pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis includes autoimmunity involving thyroid antigens, autoantibodies, and possibly cytokines. It is unclear what role plays Hsp60, but our recent data indicate that it may contribute to pathogenesis as an autoantigen. Its role in the induction of cytokine production, pro- or anti-inflammatory, was not elucidated, except that we found that peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC) from patients or from healthy controls did not respond with cytokine production upon stimulation by Hsp60 in vitro with patterns that would differentiate patients from controls with statistical significance. This "negative” outcome appeared when the data were pooled and ana…

Molecular basis of burn wound healing in diabetics: the effect of vitamin B17, metformin, and autologous fat stem cells

Role of IL-28B and inosine triphosphatase polymorphisms in efficacy and safety of Peg-Interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C compensated cir…

2013

Genetic factors can influence the outcome of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C (HCV). We evaluated the role of interleukin-28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene variants in HCV cirrhosis treated with Peg-Interferon and ribavirin. A prospective cohort of 233 patients with compensated cirrhosis received 1-1.5 μg/kg/week of Peg-Interferon alpha-2b plus 1000-1200 mg/day of RBV for 48 weeks. A sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 27% of patients. On multivariate logistic analysis, the absence of oesophageal varices (OR 3.64 CI 95% 1.27-10.44 P = 0.016), infection with genotype 2 or 3 (OR 4.06, CI 95% 1.08-15.26, P = 0.038), C/C all…

Interleukin (IL)-22 receptor 1 is over-expressed in primary Sjogren's syndrome and Sjögren-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas and is regulated by IL-18.

2015

Summary The aim of this study was to elucidate more clearly the role of interleukin (IL)-18 in modulating the IL-22 pathway in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients and in pSS-associated lymphomas. Minor salivary glands (MSGs) from patients with pSS and non-specific chronic sialoadenitis (nSCS), parotid glands biopsies from non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) developed in pSS patients, were evaluated for IL-18, IL-22, IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1), IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) expression. MSGs IL-22R1-expressing cells were characterized by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry in pSS, nSCS and healthy controls. The effect of recom…